Bright solitons in a quasi-one-dimensional reduced model of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate with repulsive short-range interactions

TL;DR

This paper investigates the formation, properties, and collision dynamics of bright solitons in a quasi-one-dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate with repulsive short-range interactions, using variational and numerical methods.

Contribution

It introduces a reduced quasi-one-dimensional model for dipolar BECs and analyzes soliton behavior, validating results against full 3D models and exploring collision outcomes.

Findings

Good agreement between reduced and full 3D models.

Attractive collisions lead to soliton molecules at low velocities.

Collision outcomes depend on phase difference and velocity.

Abstract

We study the formation and dynamics of bright solitons in a quasi-one-dimensional reduced mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate with repulsive short-range interactions. The study is carried out using a variational approximation and a numerical solution. Plots of chemical potential and root mean square (rms) size of solitons are obtained for the quasi-one-dimensional model of three different dipolar condensates of 52Cr, 168Er and 164Dy atoms. The results achieved are in good agreement with those produced by the full three-dimensional mean-field model of the condensate. We also study the dynamics of the collision of a train of two solitons in the quasi-one-dimensional model of every condensate above. At small velocities (zero or close to zero) the dynamics is attractive for a phase difference {\delta} = 0, the solitons coalesce and these oscillate forming a bound soliton molecule. For a phase difference {\delta} = {\pi} the effect is repulsive. At large velocities the collision is independent of the initial phase difference {\delta}. This is quasi-elastic and the result is two quasi-solitons.