Flavor Structure of the Nucleon Sea

TL;DR

This review discusses the current understanding and future directions of the flavor structure of the nucleon sea, highlighting its importance for understanding non-perturbative QCD effects and testing theoretical models.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of unpolarized, polarized, and transverse-momentum dependent sea-quark distributions and discusses recent progress and future prospects in the field.

Findings

Summarizes recent experimental and theoretical progress.

Identifies key open questions and future experimental directions.

Highlights the role of flavor structure in testing QCD models.

Abstract

We review the current status and future prospects on the subject of flavor structure of the nucleon sea. The flavor structure of the nucleon sea provides unique information on the non-perturbative aspects of strong interactions allowing stringent tests of various models on the partonic structures of the nucleons as well as lattice QCD calculations. The scope of this review covers the unpolarized, polarized, and the transverse-momentum dependent sea-quark distributions of the nucleons. While the main focus of this review is on the physics motivation and recent progress on the subject of the nucleon sea, we also discuss future prospects of addressing some outstanding issues on the flavor structure of the nucleon sea.