Analysis and resolution of the ground-state degeneracy of the two-component Bose-Hubbard model

TL;DR

This paper investigates the ground-state degeneracy of the two-component Bose-Hubbard model, linking it to lattice connectivity and particle number, and develops a symmetry-based perturbative method for degenerate cases.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of ground-state degeneracy conditions and introduces a novel symmetry-based perturbation approach for degenerate energy levels.

Findings

Degeneracy depends on lattice connectivity and particle number.

Conditions for nondegeneracy of the ground state are identified.

A new method for perturbative corrections in degenerate cases is developed.

Abstract

We study the degeneracy of the ground-state energy $E$ of the two-component Bose-Hubbard model and of the perturbative correction $E_1$. We show that the degeneracy properties of $E$ and $E_1$ are closely related to the connectivity properties of the lattice. We determine general conditions under which $E$ is nondegenerate. This analysis is then extended to investigate the degeneracy of $E_1$. In this case, in addition to the lattice structure, the degeneracy also depends on the number of particles present in the system. After identifying the cases in which $E_1$ is degenerate and observing that the standard (degenerate) perturbation theory is not applicable, we develop a method to determine the zeroth-order correction to the ground state by exploiting the symmetry properties of the lattice. This method is used to implement the perturbative approach to the two-component Bose-Hubbard model in the case of degenerate $E_1$ and is expected to be a valid tool to perturbatively study the asymmetric character of the Mott-insulator to superfluid transition between the particle and hole side.