A Confining Model for Charmonium and New Gauge Invariant Field Equations

TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel confining model for charmonium based on a generalized gauge symmetry leading to fourth-order field equations and linear potentials, aligning with empirical data and potentially applicable to other quark systems.

Contribution

It introduces a new gauge field equation with generalized $SU_3$ symmetry, resulting in linear confining potentials and a confining mechanism for quark-antiquark systems.

Findings

Derived coupling strength $f^2/(4 ext{pi}) \\approx 0.19$ for strong interaction.

The model produces linear potentials consistent with empirical charmonium data.

The gauge boson is confined with non-definite energy, fitting quark confinement.

Abstract

We discuss a confining model for charmonium in which the attractive force are derived from a new type of gauge field equation with a generalized $SU_3$ gauge symmetry. The new gauge transformations involve non-integrable phase factors with vector gauge functions $\om^a_{\mu}(x)$. These transformations reduce to the usual $SU_3$ gauge transformations in the special case $\om^a_\mu(x) = \p_\mu \xi^a(x)$. Such a generalized gauge symmetry leads to the fourth-order equations for new gauge fields and to the linear confining potentials. The fourth-order field equation implies that the corresponding massless gauge boson has non-definite energy. However, the new gauge boson is permanently confined in a quark system by the linear potential. We use the empirical potentials of the Cornell group for charmonium to obtain the coupling strength $f^2/(4\pi) \approx 0.19$ for the strong interaction. Such a confining model of quark dynamics could be compatible with perturbation. The model can be applied to other quark-antiquark systems.