The Time Structure of Hadronic Showers in Calorimeters with Scintillator and with Gas Readout

TL;DR

This study compares the time structure of hadronic showers in calorimeters using scintillator and gas readouts, highlighting how different active layer materials influence neutron-related late energy depositions.

Contribution

It provides a detailed comparison of the time profiles of hadronic showers in calorimeters with different active materials and readout systems, emphasizing neutron effects.

Findings

Different active layer materials produce distinct responses to neutrons.

The time structure of hadronic showers varies significantly with material choice.

Fast digitizers reveal detailed temporal profiles of energy depositions.

Abstract

Hadronic showers are characterized by a rich particle structure in the spatial as well as in the time domain. The prompt component comes from relativistic fragments that deposit energy at the ns scale, while late components are associated predominantly with neutrons in the cascade. To measure the impact of these late components, two experiments, based on gaseous and plastic active layers with steel and tungsten absorbers, were set up. The different choice for the material of the active layers produces distinct responses to neutrons, and consequently to late energy depositions. After discussing the technical aspects of these systems, we present a comparison of the signals, read out with fast digitizers with deep buffers, and provide detailed information of the time structure of hadronic showers over a long sampling window.