Neutrino emission characteristics and detection opportunities based on three-dimensional supernova simulations

TL;DR

This study analyzes three-dimensional supernova simulations to understand neutrino emission patterns, revealing instabilities like LESA and SASI, and discusses detection prospects with current and future neutrino observatories.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed 3D supernova neutrino emission analysis incorporating sophisticated three-flavor transport for multiple progenitor masses.

Findings

LESA phenomenon is universal across studied models.

SASI activity causes significant neutrino emission modulations.

Detectable neutrino signal variations depend on supernova distance and detector orientation.

Abstract

The neutrino emission characteristics of the first full-scale three-dimensional supernova simulations with sophisticated three-flavor neutrino transport for three models with masses 11.2, 20 and 27 M_sun are evaluated in detail. All the studied progenitors show the expected hydrodynamical instabilities in the form of large-scale convective overturn. In addition, the recently identified LESA phenomenon (lepton-number emission self-sustained asymmetry) is generic for all our cases. Pronounced SASI (standing accretion-shock instability) activity appears in the 20 and 27 M_sun cases, partly in the form of a spiral mode, inducing large but direction and flavor-dependent modulations of neutrino emission. These modulations can be clearly identified in the existing IceCube and future Hyper-Kamiokande detectors, depending on distance and detector location relative to the main SASI sloshing direction.