Why do nanotubes grow chiral?

TL;DR

This paper investigates why carbon nanotubes tend to grow with near-armchair chirality by combining thermodynamics and kinetics, revealing that energetic preferences and growth rates explain the observed distribution.

Contribution

It introduces a combined thermodynamic and kinetic model to explain the preferential growth of near-armchair CNTs, addressing a longstanding puzzle.

Findings

Near-armchair CNTs emerge due to a balance of energetic and kinetic factors.

The distribution is related to a peaked function, x*exp(-x).

The model explains experimental observations of CNT chirality preferences.

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) hold enormous technological promise. It can only be harnessed if one controls in a practical way the CNT chirality, the feature of the tubular carbon topology that governs all the CNT properties---electronic, optical, mechanical. Experiments in catalytic growth over the last decade have repeatedly revealed a puzzling strong preference towards minimally-chiral (near-armchair) CNT, challenging any existing hypotheses and turning chirality control ever more tantalizing yet leaving its understanding elusive. Here we combine the CNT/catalyst interface thermodynamics with the kinetic growth theory to show that the unusual near-armchair peaks emerge from the two antagonistic trends: energetic preference towards achiral CNT/catalyst interfaces vs. faster growth of chiral CNT. This narrow distribution is profoundly related with the peaked behavior of a simple function, x*exp(-x).