Electronic Structures of Black Phosphorus Studied by Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy

TL;DR

This study uses advanced angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to investigate the electronic band structure of black phosphorus, revealing localized electrons and surface states, which suggest the need for refined theoretical models.

Contribution

First experimental determination of black phosphorus's band dispersions along multiple directions using high-resolution ARPES, highlighting discrepancies with theoretical predictions.

Findings

Electrons are more localized in the ab-plane than predicted.

Observation of kz-dispersive bulk bands.

Detection of a resonant surface state in momentum space.

Abstract

Electronic structures of single crystalline black phosphorus were studied by state-of-art angleresolved photoemission spectroscopy. Through high resolution photon energy dependence measurements, the band dispersions along out-of-plane and in-plane directions are experimentally determined. The electrons were found to be more localized in the ab-plane than that is predicted in calculations. Beside the kz-dispersive bulk bands, resonant surface state is also observed in the momentum space. Our finds strongly suggest that more details need to be considered to fully understand the electronic properties of black phosphorus theoretically.