Activated scaling in disorder rounded first-order quantum phase transitions

TL;DR

This paper investigates how disorder can transform first-order quantum phase transitions into continuous ones with activated scaling, using the quantum three-color Ashkin-Teller model as a case study.

Contribution

It demonstrates that disorder induces an unusual critical point with activated scaling in a model with a first-order transition, revealing a new type of emergent criticality.

Findings

Quantum critical point exhibits activated scaling.

Presence of Griffiths-McCoy phase away from criticality.

Behavior similar to the transverse random field Ising model.

Abstract

First-order phase transitions, classical or quantum, subject to randomness coupled to energy-like variables (bond randomness) can be rounded, resulting in continuous transitions (emergent criticality). We study perhaps the simplest such model, quantum three-color Ashkin-Teller model and show that the quantum critical point in $(1+1)$ dimension is an unusual one, with activated scaling at the critical point and Griffiths-McCoy phase away from it. The behavior is similar to the transverse random field Ising model, even though the pure system has a first-order transition in this case. We believe that this fact must be attended to when discussing quantum critical points in numerous physical systems, which may be first-order transitions in disguise.