Velocity alignment leads to high persistence in confined cells

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that velocity alignment in cells explains their high persistence in confined environments, linking single-cell and collective migration behaviors through a generic active Brownian particle model.

Contribution

The study introduces a velocity-aligning active Brownian particle model that explains persistent cell migration in confinement, bridging single- and collective-cell migration mechanisms.

Findings

Velocity alignment increases cell persistence exponentially in confinement.

The model analytically predicts orientation distribution and repolarization rate.

High persistence correlates with rapid velocity alignment to cell-cell forces.

Abstract

Many cell types display random motility on two-dimensional substrates, but crawl persistently in a single direction when confined in a microchannel or on an adhesive micropattern. Does this imply that the motility mechanism of confined cells is fundamentally different from that of unconfined cells? We argue that both free- and confined- cell migration may be described by a generic model of cells as "velocity aligning" active Brownian particles previously proposed to solve a completely separate problem in collective cell migration. Our model can be mapped to a diffusive escape over a barrier and analytically solved to determine the cell's orientation distribution and repolarization rate. In quasi-one-dimensional confinement, velocity-aligning cells maintain their direction for times that can be exponentially larger than their persistence time in the absence of confinement. Our results suggest an important new connection between single- and collective- cell migration: high persistence in confined cells corresponds with fast alignment of velocity to cell-cell forces.