Lattice QCD in curved spacetimes

TL;DR

This paper develops a lattice QCD framework incorporating curved spacetime backgrounds, allowing nonperturbative quantum field studies in gravitational fields, demonstrated through simulations in an expanding universe.

Contribution

It introduces a novel lattice QCD formulation that includes classical gravitational backgrounds, enabling first-principles analysis of quantum phenomena in curved spacetimes.

Findings

Successful simulation of particle production in an expanding universe

First-principles nonperturbative analysis in curved spacetime

Framework applicable to various gravitational backgrounds

Abstract

We formulate the lattice QCD simulation with background classical gravitational fields. This formulation enables us to study nonperturbative aspects of quantum phenomena in curved spacetimes from the first principles. As the first application, we perform the simulation with the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric and analyze particle production in the expanding universe.