How to experimentally detect a GGE? - Universal Spectroscopic Signatures of the GGE in the Tonks gas

TL;DR

This paper identifies universal spectroscopic signatures of the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE) in the Tonks gas by analyzing the density correlation function, providing a practical way to detect GGE experimentally.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the density density correlation function in the GGE regime has a universal form with power-law dependence, serving as an experimental signature for GGE detection.

Findings

Correlation function depends on key momenta

Universal power-law behavior observed

Signatures are robust to initial state variations

Abstract

In this work we study the properties of the density density correlation function of the 1-D Lieb-Liniger model with infinite repulsion in the GGE regime. The GGE describes the equilibrated system in the long time limit after a quench from a generic initial state. In the case that the initial and hence the final state has low entropy per particle we find that the density density correlation function has a universal form, in particular it depends on a few parameters corresponding to "key" momenta and has power law dependence on the distance. This provides an experimental signature of the GGE which may readily be identified through spectroscopy. These signatures are universal and robust to initial sate preparation.