Magnetic material in mean-field dynamos driven by small scale helical flows

TL;DR

This study uses simulations and mean-field theory to analyze how small-scale helical flows and magnetic materials influence dynamo action, revealing that magnetic materials can significantly lower the critical magnetic Reynolds number needed for dynamo onset.

Contribution

It demonstrates the impact of magnetic materials within small-scale helical flows on dynamo thresholds and validates mean-field models against detailed simulations for various permeabilities.

Findings

Magnetic materials reduce the critical magnetic Reynolds number by up to 25%.

Mean-field models agree well with detailed simulations for permeabilities between 1 and 20.

No further reduction in dynamo threshold observed beyond high permeability values.

Abstract

We perform kinematic simulations of dynamo action driven by a helical small scale flow of a conducting fluid in order to deduce mean-field properties of the combined induction action of small scale eddies. We examine two different flow patterns in the style of the G.O. Roberts flow but with a mean vertical component and with internal fixtures that are modelled by regions with vanishing flow. These fixtures represent either rods that lie in the center of individual eddies, or internal dividing walls that provide a separation of the eddies from each other. The fixtures can be made of magnetic material with a relative permeability larger than one which can alter the dynamo behavior. The investigations are motivated by the widely unknown induction effects of the forced helical flow that is used in the core of liquid sodium cooled fast reactors, and from the key role of soft iron impellers in the Von-K\'arm\'an-Sodium (VKS) dynamo. For both examined flow configurations the consideration of magnetic material within the fluid flow causes a reduction of the critical magnetic Reynolds number of up to 25%. The development of the growth-rate in the limit of the largest achievable permeabilities suggests no further significant reduction for even larger values of the permeability. In order to study the dynamo behavior of systems that consist of tens of thousands of helical cells we resort to the mean-field dynamo theory (Krause & R\"adler 1980) in which the action of the small scale flow is parameterized in terms of an $\alpha$- and $\beta$-effect. We compute the relevant elements of the $\alpha$- and the $\beta$-tensor using the so called testfield method. We find a reasonable agreement between the fully resolved models and the corresponding mean-field models for wall or rod materials in the considered range $1\leq \mu_r \leq 20$.