How General Relativity and Lorentz Covariance Arise from the Spatially Covariant Effective Field Theory of the Transverse, Traceless Graviton

TL;DR

This paper argues that general relativity and Lorentz covariance can emerge from a spatially covariant effective field theory of gravitons, suggesting Lorentz symmetry is not fundamental but emergent at low energies.

Contribution

It demonstrates that Lorentz covariance in general relativity may arise as an emergent symmetry rather than an assumed fundamental property.

Findings

General relativity is the unique spatially-covariant EFT of transverse, traceless gravitons.

Lorentz covariance is not assumed but can emerge from the EFT.

Implications for Lorentz symmetry as an emergent rather than fundamental property.

Abstract

Traditional derivations of general relativity from the graviton degrees of freedom assume space-time Lorentz covariance as an axiom. In this essay, we survey recent evidence that general relativity is the unique spatially-covariant effective field theory of the transverse, traceless graviton degrees of freedom. The Lorentz covariance of general relativity, having not been assumed in our analysis, is thus plausibly interpreted as an accidental or emergent symmetry of the gravitational sector. From this point of view, Lorentz covariance is a necessary feature of low-energy graviton dynamics, not a property of space-time. This result has revolutionary implications for fundamental physics.