Dwarf galaxies in CDM and SIDM with baryons: observational probes of the nature of dark matter

TL;DR

This study uses cosmological simulations including dark matter self-interactions and baryons to explore how these interactions influence the internal structure and observable properties of dwarf galaxies, providing potential observational probes of dark matter's nature.

Contribution

First cosmological simulations of dwarf galaxies with both dark matter self-interactions and baryons, analyzing their impact on galaxy structure and observable features.

Findings

Self-interactions significantly alter the inner structure of dwarf galaxies.

Stellar core radius correlates with dark matter core radius in self-interacting scenarios.

Dark matter collisions increase stellar core size and central metallicity.

Abstract

We present the first cosmological simulations of dwarf galaxies, which include dark matter self-interactions and baryons. We study two dwarf galaxies within cold dark matter, and four different elastic self-interacting scenarios with constant and velocity-dependent cross sections, motivated by a new force in the hidden dark matter sector. Our highest resolution simulation has a baryonic mass resolution of $1.8\times 10^2\,{\rm M}_\odot$ and a gravitational softening length of $34\,{\rm pc}$ at $z=0$. In this first study we focus on the regime of mostly isolated dwarf galaxies with halo masses $\sim10^{10}\,{\rm M}_\odot$ where dark matter dynamically dominates even at sub-kpc scales. We find that while the global properties of galaxies of this scale are minimally affected by allowed self-interactions, their internal structures change significantly if the cross section is large enough within the inner sub-kpc region. In these dark-matter-dominated systems, self-scattering ties the shape of the stellar distribution to that of the dark matter distribution. In particular, we find that the stellar core radius is closely related to the dark matter core radius generated by self-interactions. Dark matter collisions lead to dwarf galaxies with larger stellar cores and smaller stellar central densities compared to the cold dark matter case. The central metallicity within $1\,{\rm kpc}$ is also larger by up to $\sim 15\%$ in the former case. We conclude that the mass distribution, and characteristics of the central stars in dwarf galaxies can potentially be used to probe the self-interacting nature of dark matter.