Local changes in the total electron content immediately before the 2009 Abruzzo earthquake

TL;DR

This study analyzes GPS-derived ionospheric TEC variations before and after the 2009 Abruzzo earthquake, revealing regional and localized TEC disturbances associated with the seismic event.

Contribution

It presents the first detailed analysis of ionospheric TEC changes immediately preceding a major earthquake using GPS data from multiple stations.

Findings

Detected regional TEC variations in early 2009.

Identified a localized TEC disturbance before the earthquake.

TEC disturbance peaked after the main shock and was confined below 160 km.

Abstract

Ionospheric TEC (Total Electron Content) variations derived from GPS measurements at 17 stations before and after the 2009 Abruzzo earthquake (EQ) of magnitude Mw6.3 were processed and analyzed. The analysis included interpolated and non-interpolated TEC data. Variations in the TEC of both regional and local characteristics were revealed. Several regional changes were observed in the studied period: 1 Jan-21 Apr. 2009. After analyzing non-interpolated TEC data of 5 GPS stations in Central Italy (Unpg (Perugia), Untr, Aqui (Aquila), M0se (Roma) and Paca (Palma)), a local disturbance of TEC was also found. This local TEC disturbance arises preparatory to the EQ main shock occurred at 01:32 UT on 06 April 2009, maximizes its amplitude of ~ 0.8 TECu after the shock moment and disappears after it. The TEC disturbance was localized at heights below 160 km, i.e. in the lower ionosphere.