The Number Density of Quiescent Compact Galaxies at Intermediate Redshift

TL;DR

This study investigates the number density evolution of massive, compact, quiescent galaxies at intermediate redshifts (0.2<z<0.6), finding their abundance aligns with high-redshift data and supporting minor merger assembly models.

Contribution

The paper presents a large sample of intermediate-redshift compact galaxies, confirming their similarity to high-redshift counterparts and providing lower limits on their number densities.

Findings

Compact galaxy densities at 0.2<z<0.6 match high-redshift densities.

Less than half the size of local massive systems.

Supports minor merger models of galaxy assembly.

Abstract

Massive compact systems at 0.2<z<0.6 are the missing link between the predominantly compact population of massive quiescent galaxies at high redshift and their analogs and relics in the local volume. The evolution in number density of these extreme objects over cosmic time is the crucial constraining factor for the models of massive galaxy assembly. We select a large sample of ~200 intermediate-redshift massive compacts from the BOSS spectroscopic dataset by identifying point-like SDSS photometric sources with spectroscopic signatures of evolved redshifted galaxies. A subset of our targets have publicly available high-resolution ground-based images that we use to augment the dynamical and stellar population properties of these systems by their structural parameters. We confirm that all BOSS compact candidates are as compact as their high-redshift massive counterparts and less than half the size of similarly massive systems at z~0. We use the completeness-corrected numbers of BOSS compacts to compute lower limits on their number densities in narrow redshift bins spanning the range of our sample. The abundance of extremely dense quiescent galaxies at 0.2<z<0.6 is in excellent agreement with the number densities of these systems at high redshift. Our lower limits support the models of massive galaxy assembly through a series of minor mergers over the redshift range 0<z<2.