Topological interactions of Nambu-Goldstone bosons in quantum many-body systems

TL;DR

This paper classifies effective actions for Nambu-Goldstone bosons, revealing their topological interactions and linking them to Chern-Simons theories, with implications for symmetry and topological properties in quantum many-body systems.

Contribution

It provides explicit expressions for topological Lagrangians of NG bosons, connecting surface terms to Chern-Simons theories and generalizing known terms in ferromagnets.

Findings

Chern-Simons Lagrangians correspond to surface terms in NG boson actions.

Order-one CS term explains the linear momentum problem.

Order-three CS term introduces new NG boson interactions.

Abstract

We classify effective actions for Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons assuming absence of anomalies. Special attention is paid to Lagrangians invariant only up to a surface term, shown to be in a one-to-one correspondence with Chern-Simons (CS) theories for unbroken symmetry. Without making specific assumptions on spacetime symmetry, we give explicit expressions for these Lagrangians, generalizing the Berry and Hopf terms in ferromagnets. Globally well-defined matrix expressions are derived for symmetric coset spaces of broken symmetry. The CS Lagrangians exhibit special properties, on both the perturbative and the global topological level. The order-one CS term is responsible for non-invariance of canonical momentum density under internal symmetry, known as the linear momentum problem. The order-three CS term gives rise to a novel type of interaction among NG bosons. All the CS terms are robust against local variations of microscopic physics.