Coincidence problem within dark energy as a coupled self-interacting Bose-Einstein gas

TL;DR

This paper proposes a model where dark energy arises from a coupled Bose-Einstein condensate of particles, which interacts with dark matter to explain the Universe's late accelerated expansion and address the coincidence problem.

Contribution

It introduces a coupled self-interacting Bose-Einstein gas model for dark energy that naturally explains the coincidence problem and aligns with supernova observations.

Findings

Dark energy and dark matter evolve with similar densities over a range of parameters.

The model reproduces the observed luminosity distance vs redshift relation.

It provides a viable mechanism for late-time cosmic acceleration.

Abstract

A late accelerated expansion of the Universe is obtained from non-relativistic particles with a short-range attractive interaction, and low enough temperature to produce a Bose-Einstein condensate; by considering coupled dark-energy particles, energy is interchanged with dark matter, allowing it to describe recent acceleration by strengthening its effect. We show that for a sizable range of parameters, dark energy and dark matter evolve with similar energy densities, solving the coincidence problem, and in agreement with the luminosity distance vs redshift, derived from supernova data.