Dissecting simulated disc galaxies I: the structure of mono-age populations

TL;DR

This study uses simulated disc galaxies to analyze the structure of mono-age stellar populations, revealing that simple exponential profiles can result from diverse merger histories, challenging assumptions about galaxy formation histories.

Contribution

It demonstrates that simple mono-age population structures are not exclusive to quiescent histories, and identifies structural discontinuities as indicators of past mergers.

Findings

Most mono-age populations have exponential density profiles.

Merger history influences the presence of thin/thick disc discontinuities.

Absence of structural discontinuities suggests no major mergers in last 9 Gyr.

Abstract

We study seven simulated disc galaxies, three with a quiescent merger history, and four with mergers in their last 9 Gyr of evolution. We compare their structure at z=0 by decomposing them into "mono-age populations" (MAPs) of stars within 500 Myr age bins. All studied galaxies undergo a phase of merging activity at high redshift, so that stars older than 9 Gyr are found in a centrally concentrated component, while younger stars are mostly found in discs. We find that most MAPs have simple exponential radial and vertical density profiles, with a scale-height that typically increases with age. Because a large range of merger histories can create populations with simple structures, this suggests that the simplicity of the structure of mono-abundance populations observed in the Milky Way by Bovy et al. (2012b,c) is not necessarily a direct indicator of a quiescent history for the Milky Way. Similarly, the anti-correlation between scale-length and scale-height does not necessarily imply a merger-free history. However, mergers produce discontinuities between thin and thick disc components, and jumps in the age-velocity relation. The absence of a structural discontinuity between thin and thick disc observed in the Milky Way would seem to be a good indicator that no merger with a mass ratio larger than 1:15-1:10 occurred in the last 9 Gyr. Mergers at higher redshift might nevertheless be necessary to produce the thickest, hottest components of the Milky Way's disc.