Tracy-Widom distribution as instanton sum of 2D IIA superstrings

TL;DR

This paper derives an exact nonperturbative free energy expression for a 2D IIA superstring model using random matrix theory, revealing smooth phase transitions and instanton effects.

Contribution

It provides an analytic expression for the nonperturbative free energy of a supersymmetric matrix model related to 2D IIA superstrings, connecting Tracy-Widom distributions with string theory.

Findings

Regularity of free energy at all couplings shows smooth crossover instead of phase transition.

Supersymmetry remains spontaneously broken across all coupling constants.

Identifies a possible instanton condensation phase transition.

Abstract

We present an analytic expression of the nonperturbative free energy of a double-well supersymmetric matrix model in its double scaling limit, which corresponds to two-dimensional type IIA superstring theory on a nontrivial Ramond-Ramond background. To this end we draw upon the wisdom of random matrix theory developed by Tracy and Widom, which expresses the largest eigenvalue distribution of unitary ensembles in terms of a Painleve II transcendent. Regularity of the result at any value of the string coupling constant shows that the third-order phase transition between a supersymmetry-preserving phase and a supersymmetry-broken phase, previously found at the planar level, becomes a smooth crossover in the double scaling limit. Accordingly, the supersymmetry is always broken spontaneously as its order parameter stays nonzero for the whole region of the coupling constant. Coincidence of the result with the unitary one-matrix model suggests that one-dimensional type 0 string theories partially correspond to the type IIA superstring theory. Our formulation naturally allows for introduction of an instanton chemical potential, and reveals the presence of a novel phase transition, possibly interpreted as condensation of instantons.