Updating the CSNS injector linac to 250 MeV with superconducting double-spoke cavities

TL;DR

This paper proposes upgrading the CSNS injector linac to 250 MeV using superconducting double-spoke cavities, which reduce costs, improve beam dynamics, and simplify RF systems compared to traditional structures.

Contribution

It introduces a novel scheme employing 324 MHz double-spoke superconducting cavities for linac upgrade, highlighting advantages over elliptical and normal conducting structures.

Findings

Design of 14 cryomodules with 3 cavities each for the upgrade.

Improved beam dynamics due to larger longitudinal acceptance.

Reduced RF system complexity and cost.

Abstract

In order to update the beam power from 100 kW to 250 kW in China spallation neutron source (CSNS) Phase II, one of the important measures is to replace the 80 meters long beam transport line between the present 80 MeV linac injector and the RCS to another kind of acceleration structure. In this paper, we proposed a scheme based on 324 MHz double-spoke superconducting cavities. Unlike the superconducting elliptical cavity and normal conducting CCL structure, the double-spoke cavity belongs to TE mode structure and has smaller transvers dimension compared with that of TH mode one. It can work at base frequency as the DTL section, so that the cost and complexity of the RF system will be much decreased, and the behaviors of the beam dynamics are also improved significantly because of the low charge density and larger longitudinal acceptance. Furthermore, because of the relatively longer interactive length between charged particle and the electromagnetic field per cell, it needs relatively less cell numbers and it has larger velocity acceptance compared with the double frequency TH structures. The superconducting section consists of 14 cryomodules, each of which includes 3 superconducting cavities and a doublet. The general considerations on cavity and beam dynamics design are discussed and the main results are presented.