Lessons from $f(R,R_c^2,R_m^2, L_m)$ gravity: Smooth Gauss-Bonnet limit, energy-momentum conservation and nonminimal coupling

TL;DR

This paper explores a broad class of modified gravity theories with nonminimal matter coupling, demonstrating smooth reductions to Gauss-Bonnet gravity, analyzing energy-momentum conservation, and discussing implications for black holes and wormholes.

Contribution

It introduces a coherence condition for smooth reduction to Gauss-Bonnet gravity and investigates energy-momentum non-conservation due to nonminimal coupling in these theories.

Findings

Smooth reduction to generalized Gauss-Bonnet gravity under certain conditions

Energy-momentum non-conservation linked to nonminimal coupling gradients

Derived field equations for theories with traceless invariants and compared models

Abstract

This paper studies a generic fourth-order theory of gravity with Lagrangian density $f(R,R_c^2,R_m^2, \mathscr{L}_m)$. By considering explicit $R^2$ dependence and imposing the "coherence condition" $f_{R^2}\!=\!f_{R_m^2}\!=\! -f_{R_c^2}/4$, the field equations of $f(R,R^2,R_c^2,R_m^2, \mathscr{L}_m)$ gravity can be smoothly reduced to that of $f(R,\mathcal{G},\mathscr{L}_m)$ generalized Gauss-Bonnet gravity. We use Noether's conservation law to study the $f(\mathcal{R}_1,\mathcal{R}_2\ldots,\mathcal{R}_n,\mathscr{L}_m)$ model with nonminimal coupling between $\mathscr{L}_m$ and Riemannian invariants $ \mathcal{R}_i$, and conjecture that the gradient of nonminimal gravitational coupling strength $\nabla^\mu f_{\!\mathscr{L}_m}$ is the only source for energy-momentum non-conservation. This conjecture is applied to the $f(R,R_c^2,R_m^2, \mathscr{L}_m)$ model, and the equations of continuity and non-geodesic motion of different matter contents are investigated. Finally, the field equation for Lagrangians including the traceless-Ricci square and traceless-Riemann (Weyl) square invariants is derived, the $f(R,R_c^2,R_m^2, \mathscr{L}_m)$ model is compared with the $f(R,R_c^2,R_m^2,T)+2\kappa \mathscr{L}_m$ model, and consequences of nonminimal coupling for black hole and wormhole physics are considered.