An internal model approach to (optimal) frequency regulation in power grids with time-varying voltages

TL;DR

This paper presents a novel internal model approach combined with incremental passivity for optimal frequency regulation in power grids with time-varying voltages and unknown load changes, ensuring convergence to zero frequency deviation.

Contribution

It introduces a distributed internal-model-based control framework that handles uncertain and dynamic loads while minimizing generation costs in power grids.

Findings

Effective convergence to zero frequency deviation demonstrated.

Robustness to time-varying voltages shown.

Systematic controller design method developed.

Abstract

This paper studies the problem of frequency regulation in power grids under unknown and possible time-varying load changes, while minimizing the generation costs. We formulate this problem as an output agreement problem for distribution networks and address it using incremental passivity and distributed internal-model-based controllers. Incremental passivity enables a systematic approach to study convergence to the steady state with zero frequency deviation and to design the controller in the presence of time-varying voltages, whereas the internal-model principle is applied to tackle the uncertain nature of the loads.