Electron channeling, de Broglie's clock and the relativistic time operator

TL;DR

This paper investigates electron channeling in silicon crystals, linking observed oscillations to de Broglie's internal clock and proposing a quantum mechanical model with a dynamic time operator to explain the phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a quantum mechanical framework with a dynamic time operator to connect electron channeling patterns to de Broglie's internal clock.

Findings

Observed channeling peaks are consistent with a Zitterbewegung frequency.

The model aligns experimental data with Dirac's Hamiltonian and an effective mass.

A dynamic time operator links internal clock to quantum motion.

Abstract

Electron channeling in silicon crystals has brought forward the possibility of having detected a particle's "internal clock", as an intrinsic oscillation with de Broglie's frequency. The transmission probability along a major axial direction is reduced with respect to neighboring angles, except for a sharp peak at the atomic row direction. The pattern observed is a "W" instead of a "U". This central peak is attributed to a process known as "rosette motion", in which the crossing of successive atoms would be related to the de Broglie frequency. A classical multiple scattering calculation found that, to represent the experimental results, the interaction frequency had to be about twice the de Broglie's clock frequency; that is, the "Zitterbewegung" frequency. In the present paper, the observed characteristics of this process are shown to be consistent with a free particle quantum mechanical motion described by Dirac's Hamiltonian, albeit with an effective mass resulting from the interaction with the crystal atoms. The introduction of a self-adjoint dynamic time operator provides the connection with an internal "system time", the de Broglie clock.