# Kiloparsec-scale outflows are prevalent among luminous AGN: outflows and feedback in the context of the overall AGN population

## TL;DR

This study shows that kiloparsec-scale ionized outflows are common in luminous AGN at low redshift, with implications for galaxy evolution and feedback mechanisms, driven by either star formation or AGN activity.

## Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive analysis of the prevalence, extent, and energetics of ionized outflows in a representative sample of luminous, low-redshift type 2 AGN.

## Key findings

- Ionized outflows are present in >=70% of the sample.
- Outflows extend over 6-16 kpc in all targets.
- Outflow velocities reach up to 1700 km/s.

## Abstract

We present integral field unit (IFU) observations covering the [O III]4959,5007 and H-Beta emission lines of sixteen z<0.2 type 2 active galactic nuclei (AGN). Our targets are selected from a well-constrained parent sample of 24,000 AGN so that we can place our observations into the context of the overall AGN population. Our targets are radio-quiet with star formation rates (<~[10-100] Msol/yr) that are consistent with normal star-forming galaxies. We decouple the kinematics of galaxy dynamics and mergers from outflows. We find high-velocity ionised gas (velocity widths of 600-1500 km/s and maximum velocities of <=1700 km/s) with observed spatial extents of >~(6-16) kpc in all targets and observe signatures of spherical outflows and bi-polar superbubbles. We show that our targets are representative of z<0.2, luminous (i.e., L([O III]) > 5x10^41 erg/s) type 2 AGN and that ionised outflows are not only common but also in >=70% (3 sigma confidence) of cases, they are extended over kiloparsec scales. Our study demonstrates that galaxy-wide energetic outflows are not confined to the most extreme star-forming galaxies or radio-luminous AGN; however, there may be a higher incidence of the most extreme outflow velocities in quasars hosted in ultra-luminous infrared galaxies. Both star formation and AGN activity appear to be energetically viable to drive the outflows and we find no definitive evidence that favours one process over the other. Although highly uncertain, we derive mass outflow rates (typically ~10x the SFRs), kinetic energies (~0.5-10% of L[AGN]) and momentum rates (typically >~10-20x L[AGN]/c) consistent with theoretical models that predict AGN-driven outflows play a significant role in shaping the evolution of galaxies.