Three unsolved problems in physics of Pc1 magnetospheric waves

TL;DR

This paper discusses unresolved theoretical and experimental challenges in understanding Pc1 magnetospheric waves, highlighting the limitations of existing models and the need for further research to interpret observations and human impact effects.

Contribution

It identifies and formulates key open problems in the physics of Pc1 waves, emphasizing the gaps in current theoretical models and experimental understanding.

Findings

Standard models cannot explain observed Pc1 properties

Evidence suggests possible human impact on Pc1 oscillations

Further experimental research is needed to interpret observations

Abstract

In this paper we analyzed the open problems in the physics of ultra-low-frequency electromagnetic waves Pc1, which also known as the "pearls" (frequency range 0.2 -5 Hz). A number of theoretical problems arose because the standard model of excitation and propagation of waves in the magnetosphere, the foundations of which were laid half a century ago, is unable to explain observable properties of Pc1. In this article the problems are formulated and discussed in context of the general physics of geoelectromagnetic waves. In addition, one problem of experimental character is considered. The essence of the problem is that the observations testify in favor of the idea of some human impact on the Pc1 oscillation mode, but difficulties in interpreting of observations indicate the need for further experimental research.