Radio signatures of solar energetic particles during the 23rd solar cycle

TL;DR

This study analyzes the correlation between solar energetic particle events and radio burst signatures during solar cycle 23, revealing the strongest association with type III bursts and hemisphere-dependent patterns.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive statistical analysis of SEP-radio burst associations across the entire solar cycle 23, highlighting new hemispheric differences in these correlations.

Findings

Highest association with type III radio bursts

Type II bursts show higher SEP association in the eastern hemisphere

No longitudinal dependence for types III and IV bursts

Abstract

We present the association rates between solar energetic particles (SEPs) and the radio emission signatures in the corona and IP space during the entire solar cycle 23. We selected SEPs associated with X and M-class flares from the visible solar hemisphere. All SEP events are also accompanied by coronal mass ejections. Here, we focus on the correlation between the SEP events and the appearance of radio type II, III and IV bursts on dynamic spectra. For this we used the available radio data from ground-based stations and the Wind/WAVES spacecraft. The associations are presented separately for SEP events accompanying activity in the eastern and western solar hemisphere. We find the highest association rate of SEP events to be with type III bursts, followed by types II and IV. Whereas for types III and IV no longitudinal dependence is noticed, these is a tendency for a higher SEP-association rate with type II bursts in the eastern hemisphere. A comparison with reports from previous studies is briefly discussed.