Point vortex dynamics as zero-radius limit of the motion of a rigid body in an irrotational fluid

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that the dynamics of a point vortex in an irrotational fluid can be derived as the zero-radius limit of a shrinking rigid body's motion, linking fluid-structure interaction to vortex models.

Contribution

It establishes the rigorous connection between rigid body motion in a fluid and point vortex dynamics as the body shrinks to a point, including the effects of circulation and lift forces.

Findings

Point vortex dynamics as a limit of rigid body motion

Conservation of circulation around the shrinking body

Different regimes yield different limit equations

Abstract

The point vortex system is usually considered as an idealized model where the vorticity of an ideal incompressible two-dimensional fluid is concentrated in a finite number of moving points. In the case of a single vortex in an otherwise irrotational ideal fluid occupying a bounded and simply-connected two-dimensional domain the motion is given by the so-called Kirchhoff-Routh velocity which depends only on the domain. The main result of this paper establishes that this dynamics can also be obtained as the limit of the motion of a rigid body immersed in such a fluid when the body shrinks to a massless point particle with fixed circulation. The rigid body is assumed to be only accelerated by the force exerted by the fluid pressure on its boundary, the fluid velocity and pressure being given by the incompressible Euler equations, with zero vorticity. The circulation of the fluid velocity around the particle is conserved as time proceeds according to Kelvin's theorem and gives the strength of the limit point vortex. We also prove that in the different regime where the body shrinks with a fixed mass the limit dynamics is governed by a second-order differential equation involving a Kutta-Joukowski-type lift force.