Characterizing Block Graphs in Terms of their Vertex-Induced Partitions

TL;DR

This paper characterizes block graphs via vertex-induced partitions, showing how to uniquely determine the minimal block graph containing a given edge set and describing conditions for families of partitions to correspond to such graphs.

Contribution

It introduces a novel characterization of block graphs using vertex-induced partitions and provides criteria for when a family of partitions corresponds to a block graph.

Findings

The smallest block graph with a given edge set is uniquely determined by vertex-induced partitions.

The edge set of the block graph can be described by connected components in modified graphs.

Conditions are established for families of partitions to be realizable by a block graph.

Abstract

Given a finite connected simple graph $G=(V,E)$ with vertex set $V$ and edge set $E\subseteq \binom{V}{2}$, we will show that $1.$ the (necessarily unique) smallest block graph with vertex set $V$ whose edge set contains $E$ is uniquely determined by the $V$-indexed family ${\bf P}_G:=\big(\pi_0(G^{(v)})\big)_{v \in V}$ of the various partitions $\pi_0(G^{(v)})$ of the set $V$ into the set of connected components of the graph $G^{(v)}:=(V,\{e\in E: v\notin e\})$, $2.$ the edge set of this block graph coincides with set of all $2$-subsets $\{u,v\}$ of $V$ for which $u$ and $v$ are, for all $w\in V-\{u,v\}$, contained in the same connected component of $G^{(w)}$, $3.$ and an arbitrary $V$-indexed family ${\bf P}p=({\bf p}_v)_{v \in V}$ of partitions $\pi_v$ of the set $V$ is of the form ${\bf P}p={\bf P}p_G$ for some connected simple graph $G=(V,E)$ with vertex set $V$ as above if and only if, for any two distinct elements $u,v\in V$, the union of the set in ${\bf p}_v$ that contains $u$ and the set in ${\bf p}_u$ that contains $v$ coincides with the set $V$, and $\{v\}\in {\bf p}_v$ holds for all $v \in V$. As well as being of inherent interest to the theory of block graphs, these facts are also useful in the analysis of compatible decompositions and block realizations of finite metric spaces.