Towards a Characterization of Leaf Powers by Clique Arrangements

TL;DR

This paper explores the structure of leaf powers using clique arrangements, proposing that leaf powers are a special case of strongly chordal graphs, and shows that their clique arrangements lack bad 2-cycles.

Contribution

It introduces clique arrangements as a tool to characterize leaf powers and demonstrates that their clique arrangements are free of bad 2-cycles, suggesting a new structural perspective.

Findings

Clique arrangements of leaf powers lack bad 2-cycles.

Leaf powers are a natural subset of strongly chordal graphs.

Open question on whether this characterizes leaf powers exactly.

Abstract

The class ${\cal L}_k$ of $k$-leaf powers consists of graphs $G=(V,E)$ that have a $k$-leaf root, that is, a tree $T$ with leaf set $V$, where $xy \in E$, if and only if the $T$-distance between $x$ and $y$ is at most $k$. Structure and linear time recognition algorithms have been found for $2$-, $3$-, $4$-, and, to some extent, $5$-leaf powers, and it is known that the union of all $k$-leaf powers, that is, the graph class ${\cal L} = \bigcup_{k=2}^\infty {\cal L}_k$, forms a proper subclass of strongly chordal graphs. Despite from that, no essential progress has been made lately. In this paper, we use the new notion of clique arrangements to suggest that leaf powers are a natural special case of strongly chordal graphs. The clique arrangement ${\cal A}(G)$ of a chordal graph $G$ is a directed graph that represents the intersections between maximal cliques of $G$ by nodes and the mutual inclusion of these vertex subsets by arcs. Recently, strongly chordal graphs have been characterized as the graphs that have a clique arrangement without bad $k$-cycles for $k \geq 3$. We show that the clique arrangement of every graph of ${\cal L}$ is free of bad $2$-cycles. The question whether this characterizes the class ${\cal L}$ exactly remains open.