Electrical-Field Distributions in Waveguide Arrays - Exact and Approximate

TL;DR

This paper reviews five methods for calculating electric field distributions in waveguide arrays, comparing exact and approximate solutions, and provides guidelines for minimizing errors in numerical methods based on analytical insights.

Contribution

It offers a comprehensive comparison of exact and approximate methods for waveguide array analysis and introduces strategies to optimize numerical accuracy by selecting appropriate reference refractive indices.

Findings

Exact solutions use scalar Helmholtz equation and Bloch functions.

Approximate methods' accuracy depends on the choice of reference refractive index.

Numerical beam propagation methods' accuracy varies with excitation conditions.

Abstract

Five methods of calculating electrical field distributions in one dimensional wave-guide arrays are reviewed. We analytically solve the scalar Helmholtz Equation and, based on the computed Bloch functions and associated bands of propagation constants, generate the exact field distribution maps. For the approximated slowly varying envelope equation we show that the base Bloch functions are identical to those in the exact case, and study the differences in the bands of propagation constants. We demonstrate that by selecting the reference refractive index value, it is possible to minimize the error in propagation constants of any desired band. For the distributions calculated by the coupled mode theory, we reveal the similarity and differences of the band made of eigenvalues of the coupled mode equations matrix when compared to the first band of propagation constants found by the exact solution. Analysis of two numeric beam propagation methods shows that the relative accuracy of the calculated field distributions of each of these methods depends on excitation conditions. The presented analysis of the slowly varying envelope equation provides guide lines for selecting the value of the reference refractive index to be incorporated in these numeric methods where an analytic solution is difficult to work out or in the frequently occurring cases where an analytic solution does not exist at all.