Surprise(s) in magnets without net moments

TL;DR

This paper reviews the intriguing physics of ionic insulators with local magnetic moments that do not exhibit long-range magnetic order, highlighting surprising behaviors in magnets without net moments.

Contribution

It provides a concise overview of the phenomena and underlying physics of magnets without net moments, emphasizing their unique and unexpected properties.

Findings

Many ionic insulators exhibit cooperative paramagnetic states.

Such magnets lack long-range magnetic order despite strong local moments.

Surprising behaviors arise from competing interactions among local moments.

Abstract

We are all familiar with ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials, in which the localized ionic moments (in case of ionic insulators) or the electronic spins (in case of metals) go into a long-range ordered state with a net macroscopic moment (in case of ferromagnets) or a net macroscopic sublattice magnetization (in case of antiferromagnets). However this behaviour is far from ubiquitous even in ionic insulators with well-developed local moments. Indeed, there are many ionic insulators in which the dominant interactions between the local moments compete with each other, leading to a cooperative paramagnetic state with no ordering of the moments down to the lowest temperatures accessible to experiments. The physics of such magnets without net moments has some interesting and surprising aspects, which are touched upon in this brief review.