Study of Different Solar Cycle Variations of Solar Energetic Particles and Cosmic Rays by Despiking ACE/SIS Heavy-Ion Fluxes

TL;DR

This study develops an automatic despiking algorithm to separate Solar Energetic Particles from cosmic rays in ACE/SIS data, enabling analysis of their variations over a solar cycle and insights into their origins and transport.

Contribution

The paper introduces a novel despiking method for ACE/SIS data, allowing detailed analysis of SEP and CR variations across a solar cycle, revealing differences in composition and transport.

Findings

Distinct elemental ratio variations observed.

Ionization potential dependence identified.

Information entropy differences between SEPs and CRs.

Abstract

Cosmic Rays (CRs) include Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) and Anomalous Cosmic Rays (ACRs). The CR flux data of protons and heavy-ions observed with spacecraft are often seriously contaminated by Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events. In this work, we separate SEPs from CRs of ACE/SIS spacecraft observations with an automatic despiking algorithm, so we are able to study the different variations of SEPs and CRs over a solar cycle. In particular, we study the elemental ratio, first ionization potential dependence and elemental dependence, and information entropy of SEPs and CRs. So that we can gain new insights into energetic particles' different compositions, origins, and transport processes, etc.