Study of the family of Nonlinear Schrodinger equations by using the Adler-Kosant-Symes framework and the Tu methodology and their Non-holonomic deformation

TL;DR

This paper explores various nonlinear Schrödinger equations using the Adler-Kostant-Symes theorem and Tu methodology, establishing their integrability, Hamiltonian structures, and non-holonomic deformations, thus advancing the understanding of their mathematical properties.

Contribution

It introduces a unified approach to derive and analyze NLS family equations, including their hierarchies and deformations, using AKS and Tu methods, and connects these formalisms for the first time.

Findings

Derived multiple NLS equations using AKS theory.

Established Hamiltonian structures and integrability.

Studied non-holonomic deformations of NLS systems.

Abstract

The objective of this work is to explore the class of equations of the Non-linear Schrodinger type by employing the Adler-Kostant-Symes theorem and the Tu methodology.In the first part of the work, the AKS theory is discussed in detail showing how to obtain the non-linear equations starting from a suitably chosen spectral problem.Equations derived by this method include different members of the NLS family like the NLS, the coupled KdV type NLS, the generalized NLS, the vector NLS, the Derivative NLS, the Chen-Lee-Liu and the Kundu-Eckhaus equations. In the second part of the paper, the steps in the Tu methodology that are used to formulate the hierarchy of non-linear evolution equations starting from a spectral problem, are outlined. The AKNS, Kaup-Newell, and generalized DNLS hierarchies are obtained by using this algorithm. Several reductions of the hierarchies are illustrated. The famous trace identity is then applied to obtain the Hamiltonian structure of these hierarchies and establish their complete integrability. In the last part of the paper, the non-holonomic deformation of the class of integrable systems belonging to the NLS family is studied. Equations examined include the NLS, coupled KdV-type NLS and Derivative NLS (both Kaup-Newell and Chen-Lee-Liu equations). NHD is also applied to the hierarchy of equations in the AKNS system and the KN system obtained through application of the Tu methodology.Finally, we discuss the connection between the two formalisms and indicate the directions of our future endeavour in this area.