Phase transitions in the three-dimensional Z(N) models

TL;DR

This paper investigates phase transitions in three-dimensional Z(N) lattice gauge theories, analyzing critical behavior and the nature of intermediate phases for N>5 using dual cluster algorithms.

Contribution

It introduces a dual formulation cluster algorithm for 3D Z(N) models and explores the nature of the intermediate phase and scaling of critical points.

Findings

Critical indices are calculated.

Intermediate phase exhibits continuous symmetry for N>5.

Scaling laws for critical points with N and lattice size are established.

Abstract

Phase transitions in zero-temperature 3D Z(N) lattice gauge theories are studied. We use a cluster algorithm defined for the dual formulation of the models. We also attempt to explain the nature of the intermediate continuously symmetric phase, which appears for N>5. The critical indices are calculated. The results obtained are used to study the scaling of critical points with N, as well as the scaling of finite-temperature critical points with the lattice size in the time direction, $N_t$.