Natural Light Harvesting Systems: Unraveling the quantum puzzles

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent quantum theories and models explaining the high efficiency and coherence phenomena in natural photosynthetic light harvesting, aiming to uncover principles that could inspire artificial systems.

Contribution

It synthesizes recent developments in quantum and information-theoretic approaches to understanding quantum coherence and energy transfer in biomolecular light harvesting systems.

Findings

Long-lived quantum coherences observed in photosynthetic complexes.

Quantum effects such as non-Markovianity and Zeno mechanisms influence energy transfer.

Quantum thermodynamics and agent-based models offer new insights into natural photosynthesis.

Abstract

In natural light harvesting systems, the sequential quantum events of photon absorption by specialized biological antenna complexes, charge separation, exciton formation and energy transfer to localized reaction centers culminates in the conversion of solar to chemical energy. A notable feature in these processes is the exceptionally high efficiencies ($>$ 95\%) at which excitation is transferred from the illuminated protein complex site to the reaction centers. The high speeds of excitation propagation within a system of interwoven biomolecular network structures, is yet to be replicated in artificial light harvesting complexes. A clue to unraveling the quantum puzzles of nature may lie in the observations of long lived coherences lasting several picoseconds in the electronic spectra of photosynthetic complexes which occurs even in noisy environmental baths. The exact nature of the association between the high energy propagation rates and strength of quantum coherences remains largely unsolved. This review presents recent developments in quantum theories, and links information-theoretic aspects with photosynthetic light-harvesting processes in biomolecular systems. There is examination of various attempts to pinpoint the processes that underpin coherence features arising from the light harvesting activities of biomolecular systems, with particular emphasis on the effects that factors such non-Markovianity, zeno mechanisms, teleportation, quantum predictability and the role of multipartite states have on the quantum dynamics of biomolecular systems. A discussion of how quantum thermodynamical principles and agent-based modeling and simulation approaches can improve our understanding of natural photosynthetic systems is included.