First experimental results of very high accuracy centroiding measurements for the neat astrometric mission

TL;DR

This paper reports initial experimental results demonstrating high-precision centroid measurements crucial for the NEAT astrometric mission, achieving a pixel position accuracy of about 1e-4 pixel, advancing towards the 5e-6 pixel goal.

Contribution

It introduces a testbed with metrology and pseudo stellar sources, providing a performance model and error budget, and reports first light data showing promising centroid measurement accuracy.

Findings

Achieved pixel position measurement accuracy of about 1e-4 pixel.

Developed a testbed with metrology and pseudo stellar sources for high-precision centroiding.

Presented a performance model and error budget for the experiment.

Abstract

NEAT is an astrometric mission proposed to ESA with the objectives of detecting Earth-like exoplanets in the habitable zone of nearby solar-type stars. NEAT requires the capability to measure stellar centroids at the precision of 5e-6 pixel. Current state-of-the-art methods for centroid estimation have reached a precision of about 2e-5 pixel at two times Nyquist sampling, this was shown at the JPL by the VESTA experiment. A metrology system was used to calibrate intra and inter pixel quantum efficiency variations in order to correct pixelation errors. The European part of the NEAT consortium is building a testbed in vacuum in order to achieve 5e-6 pixel precision for the centroid estimation. The goal is to provide a proof of concept for the precision requirement of the NEAT spacecraft. In this paper we present the metrology and the pseudo stellar sources sub-systems, we present a performance model and an error budget of the experiment and we report the present status of the demonstration. Finally we also present our first results: the experiment had its first light in July 2013 and a first set of data was taken in air. The analysis of this first set of data showed that we can already measure the pixel positions with an accuracy of about 1e-4 pixel.