Nonlinear Transformation of Orbital Angular Momentum through Quasi-phase Matching

TL;DR

This paper explores quasi-phase matched nonlinear optical frequency conversion of optical vortices in PPLN, revealing unique behaviors of orbital angular momentum states and advantages over traditional phase matching methods.

Contribution

It introduces the study of QPM nonlinear interactions involving OAM states, including fractional OAM, and highlights the preservation of mode quality compared to BPM.

Findings

Radial index can change abnormally during asynchronous nonlinear conversion.

QPM preserves high-quality LG modes better than BPM.

Fractional OAM states exhibit unique nonlinear evolution properties.

Abstract

We propose and investigate the quasi-phase matched (QPM) nonlinear optical frequency conversion of optical vortices in periodically poled Lithium Niobate (PPLN). Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes are used to represent the orbital angular momentum (OAM) states, characterized with the azimuthal and radial indices. Typical three-wave nonlinear interactions among the involved OAM modes are studied with the help of coupling wave equations. Being different from normal QPM process where the energy and quasi-momentum conservations are satisfied, both of the azimuthal and radial indices of the OAM states keep constant in most of the cases. However, abnormal change of the radial index is observed when there is asynchronous nonlinear conversion in different parts of the beams. The QPM nonlinear evolution of fractional OAM states is also discussed showing some interesting properties. In comparison with the traditional birefringent phase matching (BPM), the QPM technique avoids the undesired walk-off effect to reserve high-quality LG modes. We believe the QPM is an efficient way to convert, amplify and switch OAM states in various optical vortex related applications.