On the Dynamics of the Ensemble of Particles in the Thermodynamic Model of Gravity

TL;DR

This paper explores a thermodynamic model of gravity where dark energy arises from collective gravitational interactions, estimating cosmological parameters close to observations and analyzing particle dynamics in a universe framework.

Contribution

It introduces a thermodynamic perspective on gravity, linking dark energy to collective interactions and deriving scale-dependent potentials and accelerations.

Findings

Estimated cosmological densities close to observed values

Total gravitational potential is twice the Newtonian potential

Particle acceleration is relative in a flat universe

Abstract

Within the thermodynamic model of gravity the dark energy is identified with the energy of collective gravitational interactions of all particles in the universe, which is missing in the standard treatments. For the model-universe we estimate the radiation, baryon and dark energy densities and obtain the values which are close to the current observations. It is shown that total gravitational potential of a particle from the world ensemble is a scale dependent quantity and its value is twice of Newtonian potential. The Einstein-Infeld-Hoffmann approximation to general relativity was used to show that the acceleration of a particle from the world ensemble can be considered as a relative quantity when the universe is described by the flat cosmological model.