The effect of the Perdew-Zunger self-interaction correction to density functionals on the energetics of small molecules

TL;DR

This study evaluates how the Perdew-Zunger self-interaction correction influences the energetics and geometries of small molecules, revealing mixed accuracy improvements and emphasizing the importance of complex orbitals.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of PZ-SIC effects on small molecules, highlighting the importance of complex orbitals and proposing a scaled correction for better results.

Findings

PZ-SIC reduces binding energies and bond lengths.

Scaling PZ-SIC by half improves average results.

Complex orbitals are essential for accurate geometries.

Abstract

Self-consistent calculations using the Perdew-Zunger self-interaction correction (PZ-SIC) to local density and gradient dependent energy functionals are presented for the binding energy and equilibrium geometry of small molecules as well as energy barriers of reactions. The effect of the correction is to reduce binding energy and bond lengths and increase activation energy barriers when bond breaking is involved. The accuracy of the corrected functionals varies strongly, the correction to the binding energy being too weak for the local density approximation but too strong for the gradient dependent functionals considered. For the Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE) functional, a scaling of the PZ-SIC by one half gives improved results on average for both binding energy and bond lengths. The PZ-SIC does not necessarily give more accurate total energy, but it can result in a better cancellation of errors. An essential aspect of these calculations is the use of complex orbitals. A restriction to real orbitals leads to less accurate results as was recently shown for atoms [S. Kl\"upfel, P. Kl\"upfel, and H. J\'onsson, Phys. Rev. A {84}, 050501 (2011)]. The molecular geometry of radicals can be strongly affected by PZ-SIC. An incorrect, non-linear structure of the \ce{C2H} radical predicted by PBE is corrected by PZ-SIC. The \ce{CH3} radical is correctly predicted to be planar when complex orbitals are used, while it is non-planar when the PZ-SIC calculation is restricted to real orbitals.