Resonance scattering and the passage to bound states in the field of near-black-hole objects

TL;DR

This paper studies how massive scalar particles interact with near-black-hole objects, revealing new bound states and resonance phenomena that differ from massless cases, with implications for particle capture and absorption cross-sections.

Contribution

It extends previous massless particle scattering analysis to massive scalars, uncovering bound states and altered resonance behaviors near compact objects.

Findings

Existence of bound states similar to resonances in massive case

Resonance lifetimes are parametrically larger for massive particles

Absorption cross-section approaches black hole limit faster for massive scalars

Abstract

We examine the spectrum of a massive scalar particle interacting with the strong gravitational field of a static, spherically symmetric object which is not quite massive enough to be a black hole. As was found in the case of massless particles, there exists a dense spectrum of long lived resonances (meta-stable states), which leads to an energy-averaged cross section for particle capture which approaches the absorption cross-section for a Schwarzschild black hole. However, the generalisation to non-zero mass introduces new phenomena, along with important qualitative changes to the scattering properties. In contrast to the massless case, there exists a spectrum of bound states with almost identical structure to that of the resonances, allowing for the possibility of radiative transitions and particle capture. The resonance lifetimes for elastic processes are parametrically larger than for massless particles, meaning the absorption cross-section approaches the black hole case faster than for massless scalars.