Critical ingredients of supernova Ia radiative-transfer modeling

TL;DR

This paper investigates the key physical processes and atomic data treatments essential for accurate radiative-transfer modeling of Type Ia supernovae, emphasizing the importance of non-LTE effects and forbidden lines.

Contribution

It demonstrates that detailed atomic physics, including forbidden lines and non-thermal processes, significantly influences SN Ia spectral modeling, improving agreement with observations.

Findings

Including forbidden line transitions affects temperature and ionization beyond maximum light.

Non-thermal ionization and excitation impact color evolution and light curve decline rates.

Accurate atomic data treatment is crucial for converged and realistic SN Ia radiative-transfer simulations.

Abstract

We explore the physics of SN Ia light curves and spectra using the 1-D non-LTE time-dependent radiative-transfer code CMFGEN. Rather than adjusting ejecta properties to match observations, we select as input one "standard" 1-D Chandrasekhar-mass delayed-detonation hydrodynamical model, and then explore the sensitivity of radiation and gas properties on radiative-transfer modeling assumptions. The correct computation of SN Ia radiation is not exclusively a solution to an "opacity problem", characterized by the treatment of a large number of lines. It is also key to treat important atomic processes consistently. Besides handling line blanketing in non-LTE, we show that including forbidden line transitions of metals is increasingly important for the temperature and ionization of the gas beyond maximum light. Non-thermal ionization and excitation are also critical since they affect the color evolution and the Delta-M15 of our model. While impacting little the bolometric luminosity, a more complete treatment of decay routes leads to enhanced line blanketing, e.g., associated with 48Ti in the U and B bands. Overall, we find that SN Ia radiation properties are influenced in a complicated way by the atomic data we employ, so that obtaining converged results is a challenge. We nonetheless obtain a good match to the golden standard type Ia SN 2005cf in the optical and near-IR, from 5 to 60d after explosion, suggesting that assuming spherical symmetry is not detrimental to SN Ia radiative-transfer modeling at these times. Multi-D effects no doubt matter, but they are perhaps less important than accurately treating non-LTE processes [abridged].