Study of Magnetic Helicity Injection in the Active Regions NOAA 9236 Producing Multiple Flare-associated CME Events

TL;DR

This study investigates the magnetic helicity injection and evolution in NOAA 9236, revealing how magnetic field configurations and reconnection processes contribute to multiple CME events.

Contribution

It provides detailed observational analysis of magnetic helicity injection patterns and their role in CME production, supported by MHD simulation comparisons.

Findings

Positive helicity injected in sunspots

Negative helicity injected in flare regions

Magnetic reconnection in emerging flux regions triggers CMEs

Abstract

To better understand a preferred magnetic field configuration and its evolution during Coronal Mass Ejection events, we investigated the spatial and temporal evolution of photospheric magnetic fields in the active region NOAA 9236 that produced eight flare-associated CMEs during the time period of 2000 November 23-26. The time variations of the total magnetic helicity injection rate and the total unsigned magnetic flux are determined and examined not only in the entire active region but also in some local regions such as the main sunspots and the CME-associated flaring regions using SOHO/MDI magnetogram data. As a result, we found that: (1) in the sunspots, a large amount of postive (right-handed) magnetic helicity was injected during most of the examined time period, (2) in the flare region, there was a continuous injection of negative (left-handed) magnetic helicity during the entire period, accompanied by a large increase of the unsigned magnetic flux, and (3) the flaring regions were mainly composed of emerging bipoles of magnetic fragments in which magnetic field lines have substantially favorable conditions for making reconnection with large-scale, overlying, and oppositely directed magnetic field lines connecting the main sunspots. These observational findings can also be well explained by some MHD numerical simulations for CME initiation (e.g., reconnection-favored emerging flux models). We therefore conclude that reconnection-favored magnetic fields in the flaring emerging flux regions play a crucial role in producing the multiple flare-associated CMEs in NOAA 9236.