A Comparison of Two- and Three-dimensional Neutrino-hydrodynamics simulations of Core-collapse Supernovae

TL;DR

This study compares 2D and 3D hydrodynamic simulations of core-collapse supernovae, analyzing how dimensionality, resolution, and initial perturbations influence shock revival and explosion outcomes.

Contribution

It provides a systematic comparison of 2D and 3D supernova simulations, highlighting differences in shock revival timing and explosion energetics with high computational efficiency.

Findings

All models show shock revival driven by neutrino heating.

Higher resolution delays shock revival onset.

2D models exhibit more energetic shock expansion than 3D.

Abstract

We present numerical results on two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic core-collapse simulations of an 11.2$M_\odot$ star. By changing numerical resolutions and seed perturbations systematically, we study how the postbounce dynamics is different in 2D and 3D. The calculations were performed with an energy-dependent treatment of the neutrino transport based on the isotropic diffusion source approximation scheme, which we have updated to achieve a very high computational efficiency. All the computed models in this work including nine 3D models and fifteen 2D models exhibit the revival of the stalled bounce shock, leading to the possibility of explosion. All of them are driven by the neutrino-heating mechanism, which is fostered by neutrino-driven convection and the standing-accretion-shock instability (SASI). Reflecting the stochastic nature of multi-dimensional (multi-D) neutrino-driven explosions, the blast morphology changes from models to models. However, we find that the final fate of the multi-D models whether an explosion is obtained or not, is little affected by the explosion stochasticity. In agreement with some previous studies, higher numerical resolutions lead to slower onset of the shock revival in both 3D and 2D. Based on the self-consistent supernova models leading to the possibility of explosions, our results systematically show that the revived shock expands more energetically in 2D than in 3D.