Intraoral Pressure in Ethnic Wind Instruments

TL;DR

This study measures intraoral pressure in various ethnic wind instruments, revealing generally lower pressures than Western classical instruments, which may imply reduced health risks for players.

Contribution

First comprehensive measurement of intraoral pressure in a broad range of ethnic wind instruments, expanding understanding beyond Western classical instruments.

Findings

Native American flutes have pressure ranges similar to normal speech.

Maximum pressure in ethnic wind instruments is below singing-related pressures.

Most ethnic wind instruments require lower intraoral pressure than Western classical counterparts.

Abstract

High intraoral pressure generated when playing some wind instruments has been linked to a variety of health issues. Prior research has focused on Western classical instruments, but no work has been published on ethnic wind instruments. This study measured intraoral pressure when playing six classes of ethnic wind instruments (N = 149): Native American flutes (n = 71) and smaller samples of ethnic duct flutes, reed instruments, reedpipes, overtone whistles, and overtone flutes. Results are presented in the context of a survey of prior studies, providing a composite view of the intraoral pressure requirements of a broad range of wind instruments. Mean intraoral pressure was 8.37 mBar across all ethnic wind instruments and 5.21 +/- 2.16 mBar for Native American flutes. The range of pressure in Native American flutes closely matches pressure reported in other studies for normal speech, and the maximum intraoral pressure, 20.55 mBar, is below the highest subglottal pressure reported in other studies during singing. Results show that ethnic wind instruments, with the exception of ethnic reed instruments, have generally lower intraoral pressure requirements than Western classical wind instruments. This implies a lower risk of the health issues related to high intraoral pressure.