Bianchi type-I transit cosmological models with time dependent gravitational and cosmological constants - reexamined

TL;DR

This paper reexamines Bianchi type-I cosmological models with variable gravitational and cosmological constants, deriving solutions that describe a universe transitioning from deceleration to acceleration, consistent with recent observational data.

Contribution

It provides new exact solutions for anisotropic Bianchi type-I models with time-dependent constants, capturing the universe's transition from deceleration to acceleration.

Findings

Deceleration parameter matches observed current value (-0.73).

Models show decreasing cosmological constant and increasing gravitational constant over time.

Transit models successfully fit recent redshift data with 32 data points.

Abstract

The present study reexamines the recent work of Pradhan et al. (Indian J. Phys. 88: 757, 2014) and obtained general exact solutions of the Einstein's field equations with variable gravitational and cosmological "constants" for a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-I space-time. To study the transit behaviour of Universe, we consider a law of variation of scale factor $a(t) = \left(t^{k} e^{t}\right)^{\frac{1}{n}}$ which yields a time dependent deceleration parameter $q = - 1 + \frac{nk}{(k + t)^{2}}$, comprising a class of models that depicts a transition of the universe from the early decelerated phase to the recent accelerating phase. We find that the time dependent deceleration parameter is reasonable for the present day Universe and give an appropriate description of the evolution of the universe. For $n = 0.27k$, we obtain $q_{0} = -0.73$ which is similar to observed value of deceleration parameter at present epoch. It is also observed that for $n \geq 2$ and $k = 1$, we obtain a class of transit models of the universe from early decelerating to present accelerating phase. For $k = 0$, the universe has non-singular origin. In these models, we arrive at the decision that, from the structure of the field equations, the behaviour of cosmological and gravitational constants and are related. Taking into consideration the observational data, we conclude that the cosmological constant behaves as a positive decreasing function of time whereas gravitational constant is increasing and tend to a constant value at late time. $H(z)/(1+z)$ data ($32$ points) and model prediction as a function of redshift for different $k$ and $n$ are successfully presented by using recent data (Farooq and Ratra, Astrophys. J. 66: L7, 2013). Some physical and geometric properties of the models are also discussed.