Non-equilibrium Transport in the Strange Metal and Pseudogap phases of the Cuprates

TL;DR

This paper investigates non-equilibrium transport in underdoped cuprates to distinguish the pseudogap and strange metal phases from Fermi liquids, revealing that strange metals are less orthogonal to Fermi liquids than pseudogaps based on IV curve analysis.

Contribution

It provides a comparative analysis of non-equilibrium transport signals in cuprates using three theoretical models, highlighting differences between pseudogap and strange metal phases.

Findings

Strange metal/ Fermi liquid IV curves exceed pseudogap/ Fermi liquid curves.

Linear IV behavior at low bias in all models.

Deviations from linearity only in marginal Fermi liquid approach.

Abstract

We propose that the non-equilibrium current measured in the $a-b$ plane of an underdoped cuprate (in either the strange metal or pseudogap regime) in contact with either an overdoped cuprate or a standard Fermi liquid can be used diagnose how different the pseudogap and strange metals are from a Fermi liquid. Naively one expects the strange metal to be more different from a Fermi liquid than is the pseudogap. We compute the expected non-equilibrium transport signal with the three Green functions that are available in the literature: 1) marginal Fermi liquid theory, 2) the phenomenological ansatz for the pseudogap regime and 3) the Wilsonian reduction of the Hubbard model which contains both the strange metal and pseudogap. All three give linear IV curves at low bias voltages. Significant deviations from linearity at higher voltages obtain only in the marginal Fermi liquid approach. The key finding, however, is that IV curves for the strange metal/Fermi liquid contact that exceed that of the pseudogap/Fermi liquid system. If this is borne out experimentally, this implies that the strange metal is less orthogonal to a Fermi liquid than is the pseudogap. Within the Wilsonian reduction of the Hubbard model, this result is explained in terms of a composite-particle picture. Namely, the pseudogap corresponds to a confinement transition of the charge degrees of freedom present in the strange metal. In the strange metal the composite excitations break up and electron quasiparticles scatter off bosons. The bosons here, however, do not arise from phonons but from the charge degrees of freedom responsible for dynamical spectral weight transfer.