SN 2009ip and SN 2010mc as dual-shock Quark-Novae

TL;DR

This paper proposes that the double-humped lightcurves of supernovae SN 2009ip and SN 2010mc can be explained by a dual-shock Quark-Nova model involving a supernova followed by a Quark-Nova explosion, accounting for observed features.

Contribution

The paper introduces the dual-shock Quark-Nova model as an explanation for double-humped supernovae, linking specific lightcurve features to sequential explosions.

Findings

Model naturally explains lightcurves of SN 2009ip and SN 2010mc.

Late-time emission attributed to ejecta interaction with CSM.

Applicable to various star types with ~20 solar mass supernovae.

Abstract

In recent years a number of double-humped supernovae have been discovered. This is a feature predicted by the dual-shock Quark-Nova model where a SN explosion is followed (a few days to a few weeks later) by a Quark-Nova explosion. SN 2009ip and SN 2010mc are the best observed examples of double-humped SNe. Here, we show that the dual-shock Quark-Nova model naturally explains their lightcurves including the late time emission, which we attribute to the interaction between the mixed SN and QN ejecta and the surrounding CSM. Our model applies to any star (O-stars, LBVs, WRs etc.) provided that the SN explosion mass is ~ 20M_sun which point to the conditions for forming a Quark-Nova.