Continuum Contributions to the SDO/AIA Passbands During Solar Flares

TL;DR

This study quantifies the continuum emission contribution to SDO/AIA EUV passbands during solar flares, revealing significant free-free emission that varies with flare intensity, emphasizing the need for spectroscopic data for accurate interpretation.

Contribution

It provides the first observational quantification of continuum emission contributions to AIA passbands during flares, highlighting their significance and variation with flare class.

Findings

10-25% of emission in 94A, 131A, 193A, 335A passbands is due to free-free emission.

Up to 50% of 211A emission is from free-free emission during peak flare.

Continuum contribution increases with flare class, especially in 171A and 211A channels.

Abstract

Data from the Multiple EUV Grating Spectrograph (MEGS-A) component of the Extreme Ultraviolet Experiment (EVE) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) were used to quantify the contribution of continuum emission to each of the EUV channels of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), also on SDO, during an X-class solar flare that occurred on 2011 February 15. Both the pre-flare subtracted EVE spectra and fits to the associated free-free continuum were convolved with the AIA response functions of the seven EUV passbands at 10 s cadence throughout the course of the flare. It was found that 10-25% of the total emission in the 94A, 131A, 193A, and 335A passbands throughout the main phase of the flare was due to free-free emission. Reliable measurements could not be made for the 171A channel, while the continuum contribution to the 304A channel was negligible due to the presence of the strong He II emission line. Up to 50% of the emission in the 211A channel was found to be due to free-free emission around the peak of the flare, while an additional 20% was due to the recombination continuum of He II. The analysis was extended to a number of M- and X-class flares and it was found that the level of free-free emission contributing to the 171A and 211A passbands increased with increasing GOES class. These results suggest that the amount of continuum emission that contributes to AIA observations during flares is more significant than that stated in previous studies which used synthetic, rather than observed, spectra. These findings highlight the importance of spectroscopic observations carried out in conjunction with those from imaging instruments so that the data are interpreted correctly.